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The eastern kingbird (''Tyrannus tyrannus'') is a large tyrant flycatcher native to North America. Adults are grey-black on the upperparts with light underparts; they have a long black tail with a white end and long pointed wings. They have a red patch on their crown, seldom seen. They are of average size for a kingbird, at , across the wings and weighing .〔http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Eastern_Kingbird/lifehistory〕 The call is a high-pitched, buzzing and unmusical chirp, frequently compared to an electric fence.〔http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/253/articles/sounds〕 Their breeding habitat is open areas across North America. They make a sturdy cup nest in a tree or shrub, sometimes on top of a stump or pole. These birds aggressively defend their territory, even against much larger birds. These birds migrate in flocks to South America. There is one European record, from Ireland in October 2012. They wait on an open perch and fly out to catch insects in flight, sometimes hovering to pick food off vegetation. They also eat berries and fruit, mainly in their wintering areas.〔E.g. of Gumbo-limbo, ''Bursera simaruba'' (Foster 2007).〕 Some eastern kingbirds place their nests in the open while others hide nests very well. Eastern kingbirds in Southern British Columbia can nest in open fields; in shrubs over open water; high in tall trees and even in the tops of small stumps. Both male and female participate in nest defense, but females may stay on well-hidden nests longer than females with open nests who may leave nests earlier to chase away predators. Those pairs nesting in the open may be able to see predators coming earlier and rely on aggressive behavior to protect their young. The aggressive behavior of eastern kingbirds has been shown to keep ravens and crows from finding experimental nests placed near kingbird nests. Similar experimental nests placed far from the kingbird nests were found far more often by crows and ravens. They can also recognize and remove cowbird eggs from their nests. Still, blue jays, American crows, squirrels, and tree-climbing snakes are on occasion nest predators. American kestrels are probable predators of adults.〔http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/253/articles/behavior〕 File:Kingbird 1.jpg|Spots its prey File:Kingbird 4.jpg|Attacks File:Kingbird 2.jpg|Returns to exactly the same spot File:Tyrannus tyrannus.ogv ==Footnotes== ==References== * Foster, Mercedes S. (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. ''Bird Conservation International'' 17(1): 45-61. (PDF fulltext ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastern kingbird」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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